0.06, and rs1051730, while not ruled out (heterogeneity p-value 0.20), has an odds ratio of 0.91 in the AA sample versus 0.66 in the EA sample. Applying this cross-population approach to an African American sample of nicotine dependent (or lung cancer) cases and controls will be an important next step to further understand and dissect this strongly replicated association between the r2 bin for rs16969968 and those diseases.