Blood glucose represents the simplest parameter able to indicate a risk for both diabetes and metabolic syndrome with the higher levels predicting higher risk (Rao et al., 2004). Low doses of alcohol consumption may have a protective effect against the risk of both diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Liu et al., 2008). On the other hand, heavy drinking has been associated with higher glucose levels, therefore increasing the risk of both diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Athyros et al., 2007).
