We have also been trying to expand our knowledge on biochemical reactions from experimentally characterized reactions in Enzyme Nomenclature (KEGG ENZYME) to pathway-based definition of reactions (KEGG REACTION) to chemical structural motifs, called RDM patterns that characterize reactions (KEGG RPAIR). The RDM patterns have been used to predict microbial biodegradation pathways from chemical structures of environmental compounds (13). As an extension of this line of research, the E-zyme tool for reaction prediction from a pair (or pairs) of chemical structures has been upgraded by introducing a new algorithm (14).