tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 proinflammatory cytokines in response to a bacterial ligand relative to controls.50 Four of the top genes (based on P-values) to emerge in our analysis are genes for type I interferon (IFNA7, IFNA10, IFNA16 and IFNA17), which reside in a cluster on chromosome 9p. Previous studies demonstrate that interferon A treatment of hepatitis C patients can induce multiple psychiatric symptoms including depression51 and impulsivity.52 Although we did not find significant enrichment for these pathways in our replication sample, these results add preliminary evidence to a growing literature that variation in genes in immune-relevant pathways may predispose individuals to AAB and closely related behaviors.
