the age of first drink. Since this protective effect was considerably stronger than any risk factor’s effect, it underscored the strength of R/S influences in early stages of alcoholism development. Other protective R/S influences were motivation-devotion and current Differentiating religious affiliation. These findings are consistent with the extant literature on R/S and age of onset (Gorsuch & Butler, 1976; H. G. Koenig et al., 2001). As can be seen, modeling both risk factors and protective R/S factors together confirmed the critical role of both domains on initiation of drinking.
