or iD units), as isolated from marine animals, inhibit metastasis in a P-selectin-dependent manner in a metastatic tumour model 49. Several studies report that CS/DS structures mediate growth factor and chemokine binding. IdoA is essential for HGF-mediated binding and an IdoA-containing tetrasaccharide is the minimum structure required to confer affinity 74. Exogenously added IdoA-containing motifs inhibit the proliferation of normal and malignant cells 75. Elimination of CS/DS on the cancer cell membrane by chondroitinase B inhibits the migration and invasion of tumour cells 76.
