Further, we acknowledge the difficulty in dissociating risk from resilience. In this study, risk was defined as having a parent with a history of alcoholism, yet we did not find that current drinking differed by FH, likely because our subjects are in the transition years of highest substance use in the general population. With continued longitudinal study, we hypothesize divergence within the FH+ group into those with and without alcohol and drug use problems, which may help dissociate risk from resilience. In addition, the present design did not allow for the characterization of response to incentive outcome feedback due to colinearity with anticipation. Given the evidence that striatal responding to outcome feedback has been associated with risk-related behaviors (Bjork et al., 2010), this will be an important relationship to investigate in the future.
