adolescents. The greatest reductions were found with the combination of binge AE treatment followed by development to young adulthood, P88. The expression of several genes implicated in mental illnesses were decreased by adolescent binge ethanol treatment. Binge ethanol during adolescence, but not adulthood, decreased DA-D4R mRNA and orbital frontal cortical D4DR+IR in adolescence. D4 receptors bind atypical antipsychotics with higher affinity than other dopamine receptors (Van Tol et al., 1991), and are implicated in novelty seeking, substance abuse (Lusher et al., 2001; Munafo et al., 2008) and attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (Bellgrove and Mattingley, 2008). Thus, adolescent binge-drinking alters D4 dopamine receptors, particularly in the orbital frontal cortex.
