For each disease, the thirty-one candidate GPSs were calculated in a validation dataset of 120,280 participants of European ancestry derived from the UK Biobank Phase I release. The UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort study that enrolled individuals from across the United Kingdom, aged 40–69 years at time of recruitment, starting in 2006.14 Individuals underwent a series of anthropometric measurements and surveys, including medical history review with a trained nurse.
