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Chunk #21 — 3.0 Summary of Small-Sample Covariance Estimators — 3.2 Mancl and DeRouen Estimator

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Modification of the Sandwich Estimator in Generalized Estimating Equations with Correlated Binary Outcomes in Rare Event and Small Sample Settings.
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Mancl and DeRouen proposed replacing the covariance of Liang and Zeger’s (1986) sandwich estimator (VLZ) with one corrected for bias. That is VLZ from equation (1) becomes the bias-corrected sandwich estimator (VMD) [4]: