Because of the limitations of past technology, earlier studies were only able to analyze a few variants in a few candidate genes. With recent advances in genotyping technologies several laboratories have developed panels of markers in addiction related genes for mass genotyping together with ancestry informative markers (AIMS) to allow for the detection and correction of population stratification [44]. For example, Hodgkinson and colleagues [45] developed an Illumina GoldenGate ‘addiction array’ of 1465 haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 130 genes together with 186 AIMS. We have subsequently developed a stress-addictions array (Figure 1), largely based on neurobiological predictions. Many of the genes on this array have been associated with alcohol-related phenotypes in case-control studies but few results have been replicated [1,12,40].
