in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Given multiple brain regions and mechanism implicated in P3 generation and the diversity of its functional interpretations, oddball P3 is itself a very complex phenotype, for example, fMRI studies have identified 34 regions that are significantly activated during target detection in the auditory oddball task (Kiehl et al., 2005). Therefore, more focused tasks may be needed, with greater specificity with respect to separable neurocognitive processes. For example, error-related negativity (ERN) appears more selective with respect to both cognitive processes and neural substrates than oddball P3, and therefore may be a more tenable target for the identification of genes affecting functionally and anatomically specific neural circuit.
