To evaluate the hypotheses, emphasis was placed on LR, externalizing characteristics (e.g., novelty seeking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity) and internalizing items (likely to reflect seeking mental health help and depressive symptoms) along with the demographic and alcohol/drug variables likely to predict future alcohol and substance difficulties. Most analyses focused on four proband groups regarding substance-related diagnoses over the 30 years: 1) men who developed both SUDs and AUDs over the follow up (Group 1); 2) those with follow-up SUDs only (Group 2); 3) subjects who developed AUDs only (Group 3); and 4) individuals developing neither diagnosis during the three decades (Group 4). Comparisons regarding Hypothesis 2-4 used ANOVA or χ2 across all four groups, with an emphasis on LR, externalizing and internalizing characteristics along with demographic and earlier alcohol and drug use items. Significant differences were followed with a planned comparison to evaluate if the groups with AUD and/or SUD diagnoses differed from Group 4 with no diagnosis in order to identify relevant items to test regarding association with Groups 1, 2, and 3 separately. Those significant items were then
