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Chunk #16 — Results — 4. Binary data in a small sample

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Do baseline P-values follow a uniform distribution in randomised trials?
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yes

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Because the number of two by two tables with two row totals equal to 10 is limited, there are only 31 possible values for the chi-squared statistic in this simulation, five of the 36 possible tables having chi-squared = 0.0 and there being one table for which chi-squared is undefined. Because P is recorded to only 3 decimal places, there are even fewer possible values for the probability. Hence the Uniform distribution for P-values should not be valid for chi-squared tests in small samples and it is not. It is not valid for Fisher’s exact either, for the same reason.