First, as shown in Fig. 4, individuals who lived alone reported lower drinking levels throughout the whole observation period. Second, interaction coefficients are significant, as shown in Model 1 (Table 2)-, suggesting that the patterns differ between groups: the gap between those living alone and those with partner or family became smaller in relative terms during autumn and particularly winter, as those living alone showed a steady increase in alcohol consumption between November 2020 and May 2021 -i.e. during the strictest lockdown period when bars were closed and bans on alcohol sales were imposed-, whereas those living with others show a clear decrease until February 2021, and only increase afterwards.