use of optogenetics and calcium imaging as tools to evaluate neuronal communication in a compartmentalized device21. These approaches have provided a proof of concept for microfluidics as a strategy to compartmentalize culture in brain circuit studies, but thus far they have only used primary neuronal cultures or are limited to human induced neurons of a single subtype24. Furthermore, in most cases, they are not permissive to high-definition functional studies (e.g. patch clamp electrophysiology).
