Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, with its receptor Trk B has been shown to regulate neuronal development and plasticity and it is well established that BDNF plays a role in the hypothalamic pathway that controls body weight and energy homeostasis. Very interestingly, recent evidence identifies BDNF as a player not only in central metabolism, but also in regulating energy metabolism in peripheral organs, such as pancreatic islets and skeletal muscle [95, 96]. Similarly, peptide CART is also expressed in peripheral organs, including adrenal glands and pancreatic islets [21]. This feature supports the idea that neurotrophic factors may act via multiple pathways in controlling energy balance, disruption of the normal function and regulation in any levels (center/global, local) may eventually affect the development of weight disorders.
