Most work to date has involved evaluating CBT interventions as a package, as in traditional CBT. Thus, it has been challenging up till now to evaluate the individual contribution of each of these components, or modules. For example, when CBT is delivered by clinicians, multiple concepts may be discussed in each session and the frequency or intensity of any specific concept or intervention is often relatively low (Carroll, Nich, Sifry, et al., 2000), making it difficult to isolate or evaluate individual components. Furthermore, isolating specific effects from important ‘relational effects’, such as the therapeutic alliance, is fundamentally impossible when interventions are delivered in the context of an interpersonal relationship (Miller & Moyers, 2015), thereby complicating the evaluation of mechanism. With standardization and modularization of CBT components via technology, however, it is much more feasible and straightforward to evaluate the contribution (or lack thereof) of any single component of CBT to the efficacy of the package. In other words, the effect of any single module could be evaluated in terms of whether it successfully conveys the targeted skill and whether it
