In a variety of brain regions, MRS findings in alcohol-related cirrhosis and HE are remarkably consistent and comparable with findings in nonalcoholic HE (e.g., Cordoba et al. 2001; Gupta et al. 1993; Häussinger et al. 1994), showing lower levels of Cho/tCr and mI/tCr and higher levels of Gln/tCr (Ahluwalia et al. 2015; Binesh et al. 2006; Chavarria et al. 2013; Jain et al. 2013; Kreis et al. 1992; Laubenberger et al. 1997; Miese et al. 2006; Pujol et al. 1996; Singhal et al. 2010; Taylor-Robinson et al. 1994, 1999; Thomas et al. 1998). Levels of mI and Cho are lowest and Glx highest in patients with HE (Geissler et al. 1997; Lee et al. 1999; Poveda et al. 2010; Ross et al. 1994; Tarasow et al. 2003).
