Polygenic risk scores have moved from research discovery studies to clinical research studies (for example, a trial aiming to assess the impact of PRS reporting on breast cancer risk management recommendations NCT03688204) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03688204) and have started on the slow path to clinical implementation. This review discusses some of the disorders where this is likely to occur and highlights the obstacles that remain in harnessing the information contained in PRS. The strongest evidence for PRS currently comes from cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer, where risk stratification of those at high polygenic risk has clinical utility [2, 3, 47]. Other disorders are likely to follow; however, there is still a long route to be covered before PRSs become useful tools for clinicians (Table 2). Table 2A brief overview of the steps required to make PRS relevant in a clinical setting1. Realistic estimation of predictive ability in clinical populations, which may differ from research samples in disease severity, ancestral diversity, and exposure to environmental risk2. Identification of the intended purpose of the PRS, which may affect its design and validation, and relevant clinical
