Tissue samples from 70 human subjects (40 male and 30 female) belonging to either a healthy control group (N = 41, 24 male, 17 female) or the metabolic syndrome case group (N = 29, 16 male, 13 female) were collected from the Oxford Biobank [51]. Metabolic syndrome status was assigned based upon the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) criteria [52]. Control subjects were selected to be discordant from the metabolic syndrome cases. Adipose tissue samples from abdominal and gluteal adipose tissues were collected from all subjects. DNA and total RNA were extracted from each subject and sample.