The sample consisted of 244 adolescents (75 females and 152 with at least one parent with a DSM-IV lifetime alcohol dependence/abuse diagnosis) from the MLS. This is an ongoing multiwave, community-recruited, prospective study of families of men with a drunk-driving conviction and AUD diagnosis who were living with a 3- to 5-year-old son/daughter and the biological mother at time of recruitment (father mean age 32; range 22–46 at baseline). Mother's diagnosis was free to vary. The study began recruitment in 1985. In addition, control families of like family composition but without a history of substance abuse were recruited from the same or socioeconomically comparable neighborhoods. Families identified during the community canvass for controls that also had a male parent with AUD diagnosis were recruited as well (Zucker et al. 1996). For this study, adolescents came from 175 families; 113 did not have any other siblings (64.6%) in the study, 55 (31.4%) had one, and 7 (4.0%) had two siblings in the study. The great majority was of European American descent (232; 95%) with 6 (2.5%) African American or biracial and
