The rest of the results section refers to the 43 risk factors and clusters of risk factors in the rank list. The predominance of non-communicable disease risks in 2010 highlights the global epidemiological transition that has occurred since 1990 (figures 1, 2, 3). In 1990, the leading risks were childhood underweight (7·9% [6·8–9·4] of global DALYs), household air pollution from solid fuels (7·0% [5·6–8·3]), and tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke (6·1% [5·4–6·8]), high blood pressure (5·5% [4·9–6·0]), and suboptimal breast feeding (4·4% [2·8–6·1]). With the exception of house hold air pollution, which is a significant contributor to childhood lower respiratory tract infections, the five leading risk factors in 2010 (high blood pressure, tobacco smoking including secondhand smoke, alcohol use, household air pollution, and diets low in fruits) are mainly causes of adult chronic disease, especially cardio vascular diseases and cancers (figures 1, 2). The burden of disease attributable to other chronic disease risk factors also increased substantially between 1990 and 2010; for example, the global disease burden attributable to high body-mass index increased from 52 million to 94 million DALYs and that of high fasting plasma glucose increased from 56 million to 89 million DALYs over this period.
