was substantially lower among participants assigned to the Race-as-Social-Construction Vignette (2.09; differs from the Backdoor Vignette at p < .01) and to a lesser degree among the no-vignette control condition (2.16; differs from the Backdoor Vignette at p < .05). The hypothesized differences are substantial in magnitude. The difference between the Backdoor Vignette and the Race-as-Social-Construction Vignette is more than two-fifths of a standard deviation in belief in essential racial differences, and the difference from the no-vignette control is over one-fourth of a standard deviation.
