In conclusion, the results of the present study show that interaction between childhood trauma and CRHBP variation appears to increase the risk of suicidal behavior, at least in individuals with substance dependence. We also found main effects of a CRHBP and a CRHR1 SNP on suicide attempts; both these SNPs are unique to African ancestry. Finally, there appears to be a biologically plausible additive effect between genetic variation in CRHBP and FKBP5.