Children reported parental discipline consistency and follow-through (Loeber et al., 1998) with eight items (e.g., “Does your mother sometimes punish you for something and at other times not punish you for the same thing?”; α = .65). Response options ranged from (1) “almost always” to (3) “never.” Parental monitoring was assessed with four items (e.g., “How much do your parents try to know about what you do with your free time?” and “How much do your parents really know about what you do with your free time?”) from the Behavioral Supervision and Strictness subscale of the Authoritative Parenting measure (Steinberg et al., 1992; α = .65). Response options ranged from (1) “don’t try” to (3) “try a lot” and (1) “don’t know” to (3) “know a lot.” Parent-child warmth was assessed with three items (e.g., “My parents like to talk with me and be with me much of the time.”) from the Parent-Child Warmth subscale of the Personal Data Form (Emery and O’Leary, 1982), α = .56. Response options ranged from (1) “not true” to “true.” Following previous work (Steinberg
