belonging to various biological ontologies (n = 507) and receptor signaling pathways (n = 227), as defined in the ResNet Mammalian v. 7.0 database curated by Ariadne Genomics (Bethesda, MD). Unlike the “GO” vocabulary from the Gene Ontology Consortium, the Ariadne ontologies are mostly based on narrowly defined cellular processes and molecular functions, thus limiting the redundancies between biological categories. Each ResNet ontology and pathway was limited to only member genes marked by genotyped SNPs in the LD-pruned GWAS data from COGA, with only those retaining 2 or more genes examined for enrichment (n = 651 and 639 ontologies/pathways for the AA and EA GWAS data sets, respectively). Gene enrichment was evaluated via Fisher’s exact tests using the R package, with permuted lists (n = 1,000) randomly assembled from genes marked by the LD-pruned GWAS data (totaling 16,740 and 14,777 for AAs and EAs, respectively), with each gene weighted for its SNP coverage. Empirical P-values represent the number of times the P-values from permuted Fisher’s exact tests are smaller than the value from the observed test.
