In demonstrating a syndrome, some variability in its presentation does not negate its existence. For example, few would now argue against the existence of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, despite well-recognized variability in its clinical features. 46 While such variability in the presentation of cannabis withdrawal may relate to the amount of the active substance ingested, it is also likely to be related to individual variation in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the psychoactive elements in cannabis. A better understanding of these processes appears important in understanding the development of cannabis disorders and their treatment. Additionally, we found gender and age effects on the number of depression/anxiety and weakness symptoms reported. Demographic differences in the presentation of withdrawal symptoms are not unique to cannabis, 47 but should be further investigated in future studies.
