urine toxicology screen (cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, barbiturates, and phencyclidine), a positive pregnancy test (women), or an abnormal blood chemistry or hepatic panel result (≥2 SD above mean) were excluded. Biological family history of AUD, a risk factor in development of AUD, was not an inclusion criterion but ascertained after enrollment through a family history tree and Research Diagnostic Criteria for alcohol consequences (31) to confirm likelihood of AUD in identified relatives. Positive family history (FH) was defined as having at least one primary relative or two or more secondary relatives with AUD, and negative FH was defined as having no AUD in the previous two generations. Twenty-three participants (22%) either did not meet these criteria or were unsure about family members, so they were not classified.
