At each wave of assessment, parents provided informed consent for their child’s participation, as well as consent for complete access to any family records in the Department of Human Services (DHS). Maltreated children were identified by a county DHS liaison based on the presence of documented records of child abuse and/or neglect reports. Comprehensive searches of DHS records were completed, and all maltreatment information was coded utilizing operational criteria from the maltreatment nosology specified in the Maltreatment Classification System (MCS; Barnett, Manly, & Cicchetti, 1993).
