Effectively integrating genomics into routine care will require studies that go beyond demonstration of the efficacy of a new molecular diagnostic or targeted therapeutic in highly controlled settings. Translational research, including studies evaluating the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and public health outcomes related to emerging genomic applications, is needed. Traditional public funding sources in the U.S. have typically not funded such genomics research at levels comparable to genomic discovery science, although the establishment of both the NIH National Center for Advanced Translational Sciences (NCATS) and the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) signal an increasing emphasis on translational research.73
