years; had we included the 2014 data for women, their binge drinking prevalence would have been artificially inflated by the lowered criterion relative to prior years. The NHIS response rate has dropped over time which can bias results and effect generalizability to the US population. However, our sample rates were adjusted for non-response which should partially compensate for these limitations. We did not separately consider alcohol beverage types (beer, wine, liquor) as no such data were available from the NHIS.