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Chunk #2 — Method — Phenotypes

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Rare nonsynonymous exonic variants in addiction and behavioral disinhibition.
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yes

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organized into facets of social and occupational problems (e.g., drinking and driving), withdrawal and tolerance, and compulsive use and impairment in major life activities (e.g., drinking throughout the day; wanted to stop but couldn’t). Illicit drug use included frequency of marijuana use, a sum score of the number of different drug classes used (marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, gas, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, opiates, PCP, tranquilizers), and symptoms of abuse and dependence for the most frequently used substance. Behavioral disinhibition included symptoms of antisocial personality disorder and non-diagnostic dissocial behaviors (being arrested, suspended from school, and early initiation of sexual intercourse) assessed via structured interviews and questionnaire measures of delinquency and disinhibited personality traits (impulsivity, aggression, risk taking).