Findings within the nonverbal domain have been less clear. While one study documented impaired design fluency amongst alcohol-exposed children compared to controls (Schonfeld, et al., 2001), another found that children with FASD did not display deficits relative to normative data (Rasmussen & Bisanz, 2009). This discrepancy in findings may be related to the two study designs. In the first study, scores of alcohol-exposed children were compared to a typically developing control group matched on demographic characteristics including age, sex, and race, whereas in the second study, they were compared to the normative mean (scaled score = 10), possibly attenuating group differences.
