Reports of exposure to childhood physical and/or sexual abuse were combined into one variable. Childhood physical abuse was a composite variable derived from the following questions: (1) having often been punched or hit with a belt or stick by either parent when aged 6 to 12, (2) having been physically injured on purpose by any adult when aged 6 to 12, (3) serious physical assault before age 16, (4) physical abuse as a child. Childhood sexual abuse was a composite variable derived from questions about forced intercourse, rape, or sexual molestation before age 16, within or, in most cases, extra-familial.
