Prospective participants were identified using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961) scores obtained either from pre-testing in an introductory psychology course at the University of Arizona or an online survey. The sampling strategy was to recruit not only those with extreme high and low BDI scores, but to recruit subjects with a broad range of symptoms that would include individuals ranging from no symptoms, to few symptoms, to several symptoms, to full clinical severity. All individuals with BDI pre-testing scores over 20 were invited for screening, with other participants drawn from among those individuals with scores in the ranges of 0-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-20, with the goal to obtain a sample with scores across the entire range of severity. Prospective participants were initially telephoned by a post-baccalaureate project manager, who determined if they met exclusionary criteria such as left handedness, history of head injury with loss of consciousness >10 minutes, concussion, epilepsy, electroshock therapy, use of current psychotropic medications, and active suicidal potential necessitating immediate treatment. Individuals receiving current psychotherapy were not excluded. Participants
