9 years (yes/no) and maternal depressive symptoms as measured by questionnaire when the offspring were age 11. Young person’s variables comprised conduct problems at 11 years (score of 0–1/2–3/4+ on the conduct problems subscale of the maternal-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [21]; and experience of bullying measured during the 13 years clinic (self-report) [22]. Finally risky behaviours at baseline collected through focus clinic at age 13 years (all self-report), which comprised cigarette use (yes/no), cannabis use (yes/no) and alcohol frequency (none/less than weekly/weekly use).
