Multiple studies have addressed tobacco smoking in treatment-seeking alcohol or opioid-dependent patients (125;126) but research into co-treatment of cannabis and tobacco is lacking (120). Although cannabis users were included in some of these studies (e.g., (127)), few of the studies were performed in outpatient settings where most treatment for cannabis occurs, and thus, the generality of these treatments for cannabis and tobacco co-use remain unexplored. Testing tobacco cessation interventions specifically in cannabis dependent patients would seem vitally important because, as discussed above, the common route of administration and the tendency to use a mixture of cannabis and tobacco may make quitting more difficult and require tailored interventions.
