Although the present study has several strengths, such as carefully age- and gender-matched sample as well as a strong statistical design, future studies based on larger sample sizes are required to strengthen the findings. Due to the small to moderate effect sizes reported in the electrophysiological literature with respect to alcoholism, larger sample sizes would also make it possible to assess the role of smoking and poly-drug use contributing to the differences between alcoholics and controls in light of growing strong evidence in the literature about structural brain effects seen in alcoholics, which was beyond the scope of the present study. Furthermore, tasks that are designed to assess specific functional processing could better elucidate the specificity of the cognitive processing deficits as well as the functional relevance of various frequency bands. Given the opportunity presented by oscillation analysis regarding: 1) testing hypotheses with respect to the functional relevance of different frequency bands, and 2) to facilitate the transfer of knowledge between spontaneous oscillations and EROs, more studies that examine spontaneous oscillations and ERO together are needed. Additionally, future research must
