As indicated in Table 4, the coefficients on the intercept of the inflated part suggest that both Caucasian and African American adolescents raised by uninvolved or permissive parents had a lower probability of not engaging in HED at age 12 years than adolescents raised by balanced parents. However, children of authoritarian parents had a higher probability of being abstinent at 12 years old as compared with children of balanced parents, though only significant for African American youth (γi = −.09, p < .05). The effects of uninvolved and permissive parenting were statistically weaker among African American respondents than Caucasian respondents, as indicated by Wald tests of their group difference (c2Wald = 7.29, df = 1, p < .01 and c2Wald = 4.41, df = 1, p < .05). Differences were found between Caucasian and African American adolescents raised by authoritarian parents and permissive parents regarding the youths’ probability of abstinence at age 12 years. Racial differences were also found between African American and Caucasian adolescents raised by authoritarian parents regarding youths’ level of HED as age increased yearly.
