This study was carried out in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Stanford University and SRI International. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Study participants included 96 individuals with alcohol dependence (ALC; 73 men and 23 women) recruited from local substance abuse treatment programs and 41 normal comparison participants (NC; 22 men, 19 women), recruited from the local community. A subgroup of participants included herein was part of a study published by our laboratory that examined the nature of cognitive impairment in alcoholism related to Caine criteria (Pitel et al., 2011). The current study includes more than twice the number of subjects and serves to extend the previously published observations.
