In a variety of brain regions (e.g., frontal lobe, parietal white matter, anterior cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia, and occipital white/gray matter), MRS results in alcohol-related cirrhosis and HE relative to healthy controls are remarkably consistent and comparable to findings in non-alcoholic HE (e.g., Cordoba et al., 2001; Gupta et al., 1993; Häussinger et al., 1994) showing lower levels of Cho/tCr and myo-inositol (mI)/tCr, and higher levels of Glx/tCr (Ahluwalia et al., 2015; Binesh et al., 2006; Chavarria et al., 2013; Jain et al., 2013; Kreis, Ross, Farrow, & Ackerman, 1992; Laubenberger et al., 1997; Miese et al., 2006; Pujol et al., 1996; Singhal et al., 2010; Taylor-Robinson, Buckley, Changani, Hodgson, & Bell, 1999; Taylor-Robinson, Sargentoni, Marcus, Morgan, & Bryant, 1994; Thomas et al., 1998). Levels of Cho and mI are lowest and Glx highest in patients with HE (Geissler et al., 1997; J. H. Lee et al., 1999; Poveda et al., 2010; Ross et al., 1994; Tarasow et al., 2003). In the only report of MRS conducted on a case of alcoholism-associated CPM, a 53 year old man presented with
