The current findings were obtained even after controlling for parental depression. Depression has consistently been shown to be associated with parental alcoholism (e.g., Eiden & Leonard, 2000; Homish et al., 2006), marital satisfaction (e.g., Beach et al., 1990), and parenting (e.g., Jameson et al., 1997; Rosenblum et al., 1997). Consistent with these previous research findings, at the correlational level depression was associated with paternal alcoholism, lower marital satisfaction and lower warmth/sensitive parenting for both mothers and fathers. However, at the multivariate level, depression did not predict marital satisfaction at 24 months or parenting at 24 or 36 months for both mothers and fathers. Such findings are similar to other studies conducted with this sample (e.g., Eiden et al., 2007; Eiden, Leonard, Hoyle, & Chavez, 2004). One possible reason for this could be because of the largely sub-clinical nature of depression reported in the current sample. Studies that have reported strong associations between parental depression and parenting behavior have recruited participants with high levels of depression (e.g., Jameson et al.,1997). In the current investigation, depression levels for both alcoholic and non-alcoholic
