The outline is as follows. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the MEA technologies, including the comparison between in vivo and in vitro MEA devices from a technical aspect. Chapter 3 describes the current understanding on microelectrode recordings and introduces the different factors that shape the recorded signals. Chapter 4 discusses how to process MEA signals and reviews recent works on using MEAs for neuroscience studies. We then conclude in Chapter 5 with perspectives on advanced measurements and applications of MEAs for studying neuronal function.