genetic variants that affect drug efficacy and safety through the alteration of pharmacokinetics enables application of individualized treatment36–41. Variation in drug responses are generally recognized and recommendations for dosing are sometimes guided by apparent or self-reported population identity despite the lack of a rigorous pharmacogenomic basis. We assessed the allele frequencies of key pharmacogenomic variants in our dataset to identify inter-population differences that have potential implications on drug testing and treatment (Fig. 3e, Supplementary Table 4g and Supplementary Information 13).
