Thus far we have focused on the efforts to partition the variance in conduct disorder into genetic and environmental influences, as well as the methods for specifying which genetic variants, genes, and gene regions are likely to be associated. Of course, genetic predispositions for complex behavioral outcomes like conduct disorder are probabilistic rather than deterministic. In view of this, understanding how genetic predispositions and environmental factors come together is critically important, and has been a major research focus in the area of conduct disorder.