Estimates of variance explained by all the SNPs for neuroticism and extraversion are similar to estimates reported for the Cloninger Temperament subscales Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking in a Finnish sample.55 The significant estimates from the present study contrast considerably with results from candidate gene studies and large scale GWAS. Hitherto, only very little variance (<∼2%) could be attributed to markers that have been reported in candidate gene studies28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and no variance could be explained by SNPs detected in large-scale GWAS.36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Those GWAS were powered to detect genetic variants that explain 1–2% of the phenotypic variance.
