Yet particular genes show substantial deviation from the genome-wide trend. This is particularly noticeable for sex, where of the 51 genes for which sex explains more that 10% variance 46 are on the X or Y chromosomes. For example, variation across sex explains 98% variance in UTY on the Y chromosome (Fig. 2 c). While differential expression measures the differences in mean expression between the sexes, variancePartition measures the variance within and between each sex. This analysis indicates that variation across sexes explains very little variation genome-wide, but has a strong effect on a small number of genes.
