Our primary outcome was non-abstinent recovery from AUDs. Respondents were asked about current alcohol and drug use; those who answered that they currently drink in a moderate or controlled manner and/or currently use drugs (i.e., non-prescribed or illicit; does not include caffeine or nicotine) were classified as “non-abstainers.” Those who answered that they do not currently drink or use drugs were classified as abstainers. Among those in recovery from alcohol problems specifically, 12% of the WIR sample (N=596) are still using alcohol and/or drugs and could be considered non-abstainers.
