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Chunk #50 — Methods — Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)

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Alteration of gene expression by alcohol exposure at early neurulation.
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contained 0.1 μM of forward and reverse primers and SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems). Triplicate qRT-PCR were performed for each sample in at least 3 experiments (n = 9). The cycle threshold (Ct) for each cDNA template was determined on the ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System. The Ct refers to the cycle number at which the fluorescence of the amplified product reached an arbitrary threshold that was within the exponential phase of amplification. To correct for sample-to-sample variation, Gapdh served as an internal reference. Relative values of expression of neural specific genes were determined for each sample using the ΔΔCt method [76], and these values were normalized to the Ct values of Gapdh. The average Gapdh Ct values for alcohol treatment and control were the same in each tested sample, making it an appropriate control gene to normalize the expression of the candidate genes of interest.